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This study investigates Typha angustifolia's role in phytoremediation of palm oil mill effluent, revealing significant pollutant reduction.
This study aims to investigate the potential of Typha angustifolia as a vegetation or macrophyte for palm oil mill effluent (POME) phytoremediation to reduce the contaminants before being discharged to receiving water bodies. The raw POME was diluted to 25% and 50% to ensure the growth of the plants. The experiments were conducted for 12 days and repeated three times. The 25% diluted POME systems showed the highest removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen, and zinc, with average removal efficiencies of 65.5%, 59.9%, 82.2%, and 67.5%, respectively. Therefore, T. angustifolia has demonstrated its viability as a macrophyte for POME phytoremediation. Overall, the phytoremediation system was able to reduce the concentration of the pollutants in POME and safe to discharge following Malaysian POME discharge regulations.
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Sa’at et al. (2025) studied this question.
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