Ethanol extract of Argyreia acuta leaves attenuates NSAID-induced gastric inflammation in mice via antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms

Indomethacin, a widely used NSAID, induces gastric injury via prostaglandin depletion, oxidative stress, and immune imbalance. This study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of Argyreia acuta leaf ethanol extract (EEAAL) in a murine model of indomethacin-induced gastritis. Mice were treated with EEAAL (100-300 mg/kg) or omeprazole following indomethacin administration (50 mg/kg). EEAAL significantly restored gastric pH, reduced acidity and stomach weight, and attenuated oxidative damage by lowering MDA, H2O2, and MPO levels while enhancing GSH, GPx, and GR activity. Immunological markers including WBC count, NBT reduction, phagocytic activity, and immunoglobulin levels, were also normalized. Notably, a satellite group maintained these improvements post-treatment, indicating prolonged efficacy. These findings demonstrate that EEAAL protects against NSAID-induced gastric injury through antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms, supporting its potential as a plant-based therapeutic for gastric disorders.