Comorbidity of periodontal diseases and oncological diseases of various localizations

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontosis) are among the most common human diseases. According to forecasts from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 35.3 million cases of cancer are expected worldwide in 2050, which is 76.6% more than the 20 million cases of cancer in 2022. Within the framework of the concept of "periodontal medicine", a bidirectional relationship between periodontal pathology and systemic diseases of the body (more than 50 systemic inflammatory diseases and concomitant diseases) has been established. According to the query periodontitis and cancer in the PubMed database, 6949 publications were found as of 11/18/2024. Most of the publications are devoted to the relationship between periodontal pathology and oncological diseases of the digestive system. We searched the PubMed database for sources published before 11/18/2024 that examined the relationship between periodontal pathology and other oncological diseases (head and neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, urological cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues). The review considered epidemiological studies assessing the risk of developing a specific type of cancer and possible pathogenetic relationships. Future research into the relationship between periodontal diseases and individual types of cancer opens up new prospects in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases of various localizations.