This research proposes a design for ferroelectric nematic molecules that enhances EEO materials, suggesting improved signal inter-conversion efficiency.
Electronic electro-optic (EEO) phase modulation is a key emerging technology for the chip-scale inter-conversion of signals between the electronic and photonic domains. The recent discovery of the ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystal phase, a three dimensional fluid of rod-shaped organic molecules having near-perfect equilibrium polar molecular orientational order, offers attractive opportunities for the creation of second-order nonlinear optical materials for EEO. Here we propose and realize a design motif for NF EEO molecules in which few-nanometer-long molecular rods are functionalized both for electro-static end-to-end association, facilitating NF phase formation, and for chromophoric optical nonlinearity, enabling high EEO efficiency, a combination enabling an active second-order nonlinear EEO medium that is 100% chromophoric.
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Chen et al. (2025) studied this question.
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