Understanding sexuality and social support among post-mastectomy breast cancer patients: A qualitative study in Indonesia

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Mastectomy, a standard treatment, often leads to profound physical and psychological changes that can affect women's sexuality and their need for social support. Objective: This study explored how post-mastectomy breast cancer patients in Indonesia perceive their sexuality and the social support they receive during recovery. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was employed. Fifteen women who had undergone mastectomy were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Van Manen's phenomenological approach, with NVivo 12 Plus used for data management. Results: Six major themes emerged: (1) sex and gender perceptions remained stable despite physical changes; (2) sexual identity and femininity were preserved; (3) participants consistently identified as heterosexual, in line with their premorbid orientation; (4) intimacy was shaped by partner support and body acceptance; (5) reproductive limitations were acknowledged, particularly among older women; and (6) social support from family, peers, and healthcare providers was critical for emotional adjustment and sexual well-being. Conclusion: Despite altered body image, most participants maintained a strong sense of femininity and sexual identity. Emotional, instrumental, and informational support from spouses, children, communities, and healthcare professionals facilitated positive adaptation. Integrating sexuality-focused counseling and involving families in post-mastectomy care are recommended to promote holistic recovery.