The Family Communication Pattern Questionnaire (FCPQ): Translation and Adaptation into Bahasa

The Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (FCPQ) is a popular self-report instrument in family communication research. The FCPQ assesses two key elements, conversation and conformity, that reflect the degree of communication patterns within a family. The FCPQ has been used in several research studies on family communication in Southeast Asian countries with non-white populations, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, however, a validated translation of the questionnaire has yet to be developed. The purpose of this paper was to examine the accuracy of the FCPQ translation into Bahasa. The adaptation followed six procedures recommended by the International Test Commission (ICT). The study involved 400 parents aged 30-55 (M=40, women=321, men=79) recruited through purposive sampling to meet specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Participants completed 52 items on a 5-point Likert scale assessing the communication patterns within their family of origin (communication between participants and their parents). Confirmatory factor was employed to collect and analyse data, verify construct validity, and ensure internal consistency. The Cronbach Alpha Coefficients indicated high internal consistency, with .920 for conformity orientation and .974 for conversation orientation. The original one-factor model was validated through confirmatory factor analysis, yielding the following fit indices: for conversation orientation, df=68, p-value=0.000, GFI=0.945, CFI=00.995; and for conformity orientation, df=26, p-value=0.00025, GFI=0.974, CFI=0.994. As a result, the FCPQ in the Bahasa can be effectively used to evaluate family communication patterns among the Bahasa-speaking population.