Battling bovine leukaemia virus: Unravelling the zoonotic transmission - a one health perspective

Zoonotic diseases, those transmitted between animals and humans, pose significant public health challenges, often emerging at the interface of these populations. The One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is pivotal in addressing these complex zoonotic issues. Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus causing enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle, has been detected in humans and cattle-derived food products. While it has been suggested as a potential risk factor for breast cancer in humans, the exact transmission route remains elusive. This study employs a scoping review to investigate the genetic dynamics of BLV across humans, animals, and food products, shedding light on its zoonotic potential and advocating for One Health policies in prevention and control.