Prevalence and determinants of vision problems among community-dwelling older adults with diabetes: evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India (2017-18)

Background This study aimed to examine the prevalence and determinants of vision problems among older adults with diabetes (DM) in India, shedding light on a significant public health issue that mirrors global concerns. Understanding the relationship between diabetes and vision impairment within this demographic is crucial for developing effective interventions. MethodsDrawing upon cross-sectional data derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-2018), an examination was conducted on a cohort of 8,564 individuals aged 45 years and older who had been diagnosed with diabetes. The study employed a multistage stratified sample design, covering all Indian states and union territories. Vision problems were assessed through self-reported data, and a range of sociodemographic and health-related factors were examined as potential determinants. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, multivariable logistic regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) to explore associations and causality. ResultsThe weighted prevalence of vision problems among individuals with DM was 66.70%. Factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of vision problems included older age, higher educational attainment, being widowed/divorced, higher economic status, and the presence of comorbidities. PSM revealed a 13.0% average increase in the risk of vision problems among patients with DM, indicating a substantial impact of diabetes on vision health. ConclusionNearly two-thirds of older adults with DM in India experience vision problems, underlining the urgent need for integrated eye care in diabetes management programs. Addressing the identified determinants through targeted interventions could substantially reduce the vision impairment burden in this vulnerable population, with implications for healthcare planning and policy both in India and globally.