Frequency and associated factors of Hiatal Hernia in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent disorder, often leading to hiatal hernia (HH), which further complicates clinical outcomes. The association between demographic factors such as body mass index (BMI) and the presence of HH in GERD patients, especially within the Pakistani population, where dietary habits may contribute, remains underexplored. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HH in GERD patients and to assess its association with BMI, age, and weight. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, MTI Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from July 2022 to January 2023. A total of 141 GERD patients aged 16–75 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were included. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data regarding age, gender, BMI, symptom duration, and HH presence/type were collected using a structured questionnaire. Associations were analysed using chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 as significant. Results: HH was identified in 67.4% of GERD patients. Sliding HH was most common (34.0%), followed by rolling HH (31.9%). Elevated BMI (?25) showed a significant association with HH (p = 0.007), while no significant association was found between HH and GERD-related complications (p = 0.072). Conclusion: There is a high frequency of HH among GERD patients, particularly those with elevated BMI. Early identification and targeted management in at-risk individuals may improve outcomes. Further research should explore the impact of local dietary habits and preventive strategies.