Organoids as models for tissue engineering and biomedical applications

Collagen, the primary structural protein in the extracellular matrix, has gained significant attention as a surface modification agent for biomaterials due to its exceptional biocompatibility, bioactivity, and ability to promote cellular adhesion and proliferation. Collagen coatings enhance the integration of synthetic and natural biomaterials with biological tissues, making them highly relevant in biomedical engineering, regenerative medicine, and implantable medical devices. This review explores the mechanisms by which collagen coatings improve biomaterial properties, including their role in modulating surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, and cellular interactions. Furthermore, we discuss various coating techniques, such as adsorption, covalent binding, and electrospinning, and their implications for optimizing material performance in biomedical applications. The advantages of collagen coatings in orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular implants, as well as wound healing and drug delivery systems, are also examined. By highlighting the potential of collagen-functionalized surfaces, this article provides insight into the future directions of biomaterial innovation aimed at improving patient outcomes and medical device efficacy.