Revolutionizing antiviral therapies: the promise of nucleic acid-based interventions

Nucleic acid therapeutics are emerging as transformative agents in antiviral treatment, leveraging precise genetic interventions to combat viral infections. This mini-review examines key modalities including Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs), Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs), CRISPR-based gene editing, and mRNA vaccines. These approaches utilize cellular mechanisms to inhibit viral replication and offer targeted gene silencing, crucial for addressing rapidly mutating viruses. The review highlights advancements in delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles, and discusses the clinical potential and challenges of these therapies, such as safety concerns related to immune responses and genotoxicity. It also underscores the rapid development and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting the adaptability and potential of nucleic acid therapies. The review calls for continued innovation and multidisciplinary research to enhance the efficacy, safety, and clinical application of these promising antiviral strategies.