Comparative Analysis of Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles Among Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Adults in Johannesburg, South Africa (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome, leading to increased morbidity and premature mortality. Understanding the differences in cardiometabolic risk profiles between hypertensive and normotensive adults is essential for effective prevention strategies. This study examined these risks among adults in Johannesburg South, Gauteng Province, South Africa. OBJECTIVE This study examined these risks among adults in Johannesburg South, Gauteng Province, South Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 adults aged 25 to 65 years, recruited from three Johannesburg townships in Region G. Anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference), blood pressure, and biochemical indices (random glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 19, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Hypertension prevalence increased significantly with BMI and waist circumference. However, age and elevated glucose levels were the only independent predictors of hypertension. Specifically, each additional year of age raised the odds of hypertension by 7% (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.11; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypertension in this population is significantly influenced by age, obesity, central adiposity, and high glucose levels.