Cosmological consequences of domain walls biased by quantum gravity

One of the simplest standard model extensions leading to a domain wall network is a real scalar <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>S</a:mi></a:math> with a <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msub><c:mi mathvariant="script">Z</c:mi><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:msub></c:math> symmetry spontaneously broken during universe evolution. Motivated by the swampland program, we explore the possibility that quantum gravity effects are responsible for violation of the discrete symmetry, triggering the annihilation of the domain wall network. We explore the resulting cosmological implications in terms of dark radiation, dark matter, gravitational waves, primordial black holes, and wormholes connected to baby universes.