Entrepreneurship as a Pathway to Recovery for Former Drug Addicts in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework

Drug addiction remains one of Malaysia’s most pressing social issues, with former addicts often struggling to reintegrate into society due to stigma, unemployment, and limited opportunities. While rehabilitation programs typically emphasize medical and psychological interventions, long-term recovery requires sustainable pathways that empower individuals both socially and economically. This concept paper examines entrepreneurship as a potential route to recovery for former drug addicts, positioning it not only as an economic strategy but also as a mechanism for social reintegration. Anchored in the National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 and initiatives such as SEMy2030 and KUSKOP programs, the paper reviews existing literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems, resilience, and recovery. It highlights how access to training, financial support, mentorship, and community acceptance are critical in enabling former addicts to build viable businesses and avoid relapse. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial resilience, self-efficacy, family support and institutional backing play pivotal roles in sustaining recovery. Ultimately, this study argues that entrepreneurship can move beyond economic empowerment to function as a social instrument that restores dignity, fosters inclusion and provides former addicts with genuine second chances.