Pharmacological Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Araucaria angustifolia: A Comprehensive Review

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Steud, a member of the Araucariaceae family, is originally found in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil, extending to Misiones in Argentina. This evergreen tree is predominantly found in the subtropical biome, this tree is valued for its ecological benefits, medicinal properties, and use as a food source. Extensive research has been conducted on its chemical composition, alongside its biological and pharmacological attributes. Findings indicate that various components of the tree, including its bark, knots, needles (or leaves), seeds, and bracts (which are sterile seeds), are rich in active compounds and demonstrate a variety of biological effects. These include strong antioxidant, antiviral, hepatoprotectivity, wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, along with neuroprotective effects. Historically, different parts of A. angustifolia have been utilized in traditional medicine to address numerous health issues, like shingles, respiratory illnesses, and diseases transmitted via sexual contact and various types of wounds. Araucaria angustifolia is gaining attention in industries like cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, and sustainable materials. In cosmetics, its skin-healing and anti-aging properties are being used in skincare products. The seeds are also being incorporated into functional foods, while the tree's wood is valued in eco-friendly construction and bio-based materials. In light of this context, this review intends to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the chemical and biological properties of A. angustifolia, while also offering new insights and valuable information to guide future research on this extraordinary plant.