Comparative Effects of Feed Additives on Broiler Health and Farm Economics under a Controlled Study in Punjab

Background: Broiler farming plays a vital role in supporting food security and rural livelihoods in India. However, with rising concerns over antibiotic resistance, there is a growing need to explore safer and more sustainable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). This study examined how selected nutraceutical feed additives influence broiler growth, health and profitability under practical farming conditions in Punjab. Methods: A controlled 42-day trial was conducted with 500 broiler chicks divided into five groups: control (no additive), herbal (1%), nano-zinc (1%), probiotics (0.5%) and enzyme blend (0.3%). Growth performance, serum health markers and economic indicators were recorded. While the biological trial was carried out on 500 birds, the economic evaluation was extrapolated on a standard commercial scale of 1,000 birds to ensure comparability and practical relevance. Data were analyzed to assess differences in productivity and financial returns across treatments. Result: Birds fed with nano-zinc showed the highest body weight gain (2225 g), the better feed conversion ratio (1.67) and good economic profit (`165,100 per 1000 birds). The group fed with nano-zinc also recorded the best benefit-cost ratio (2.62) and lowest break-even cost, indicating significant economic viability. Enzyme- and probiotic-fed groups also performed well, though slightly behind nano-zinc. Improved serum protein levels and lowered liver enzyme values in this group suggested better physiological health and nutrient utilization. In contrast, the control group recorded lowest growth rate and poor returns.