Systematic review and meta-analysis assess late-stage cancers as surrogates for mortality across trials, indicating trends across cancer types.
Figure S3 shows he association between the screening effect on the proportion of late-stage cancers (among all cancers diagnosed up to the time of the reporting) and the screening effect on mortality (trial-level surrogacy), by cancer type where at least three trials were available for analysis.
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Rebolj et al. (2025) studied this question.
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