The history of research on parts of speech in the Chinese language under the influence of Europe (up to the 1950s).

The subject of the study is the history of the examination of parts of speech in the Chinese language under European influence (up to the 1950s). The object of the research is the evolution of theories on the classification of Chinese parts of speech. The author examines in detail aspects such as how the system of Latin grammar influenced the studies of Chinese grammar through the work of Ma Jianzhong (1898), how in the first half of the 20th century, under the influence of English grammatical theories, Li Jinsi (1924) proposed the principle of "sentence as a basis," which shifted the focus of research on parts of speech to syntactic functions, and the key role of the Soviet-Chinese discussion of the 1950s. Special attention is paid to how the history of research on parts of speech in the Chinese language (an isolating language) has progressed from simple imitation to integration with the characteristics of the Chinese language. Historical-linguistic and descriptive analysis is applied using a chronological approach, comparative study of European and Chinese grammatical models, analysis of the works of key scholars, and materials from discussions in the 1950s. The main conclusions of the conducted study are: The study of parts of speech in the Chinese language has been heavily influenced by European linguistic paradigms from the very beginning. The history has evolved from straightforward imitation (Ma Jianzhong, 1898) to integration with the features of the Chinese language. Scientific discussions between Soviet and Chinese scholars in the 1950s deepened theories and ultimately formed comprehensive classification standards combining morphological, semantic, and syntactic criteria. The novelty of the study: This article systematically investigates the history of research on parts of speech in the Chinese language under European influence (up to the 1950s). These studies not only continuously deepened the understanding of the typological characteristics of the Chinese language but also provided a theory from a non-Indo-European perspective for general linguistics.