Biosignals and Motion-Derived Outcomes in Balneotherapy and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM

Biosignals and motion-derived metrics provide robust, quantitative data critical for en-hancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic precision, and monitoring efficacy in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Integrating advanced technologies, including electromyog-raphy (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG), accelerometry, gyroscopy, magnetometry, iner-tial measurement units (IMUs), and diverse wearable sensor platforms, has opened inno-vative avenues for real-time assessment, continuous tracking, and personalized optimiza-tion of patient rehabilitation trajectories. This comprehensive review systematically ex-plores recent advancements in biosignal processing and motion analytics, emphasizing their practical applications within contemporary rehabilitation settings and their syner-gistic integration with natural therapeutic interventions such as hydrotherapy, thermal therapy, and mud-based treatments. Furthermore, it critically discusses existing clinical implementations, evaluates the translational impact of these technologies, and outlines potential future directions aimed at advancing precision medicine, enhancing patient outcomes, and expanding the therapeutic applicability of biosignals and motion analytics in rehabilitation practices.