An Observational Study on Agni Bala in Patients of Medo Dhatu Vruddhi (Sthoulya) w.s.r. to Obesity

Introduction: In Ayurveda, Agni is regarded as the foundation of health, being responsible for all metabolic activities in the body. Among the various forms of Agni, Jatharagni is considered primary, as it governs and supports the functions of Bhootagni and Dhatvagni. This study focuses on the role of Agni, specifically Jatharagni, in the context of Medo Dhatu Vriddhi (obesity). Sthoulya (obesity), an increasing global health concern, is linked to the impairment of Agni, resulting in excess accumulation of Medas (fat tissue) and associated complications like hypertension, diabetes, infertility, and mental disorders. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ashwini Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Tumkur, involving 100 volunteers (BMI >25), aged 20–60 years. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the type of Agni (Vishama, Teekshna, Manda, and Sama) and diagnose Medo Dhatu Vriddhi based on both Ayurvedic and modern parameters. The responses were statistically analyzed to explore correlations between Agni status and obesity. Results: Results showed that 58% of participants exhibited Vishamagni, 30% Teekshnagni, 10% Mandagni, and only 2% had Samagni. A significant correlation was observed between Vishamagni and higher BMI levels, suggesting a key pathogenic role in Medo Dhatu Vriddhi. Lifestyle factors such as sedentary occupations and junk food consumption were prevalent, contributing to Agni imbalance. Discussion: This study highlights the central role of Agni - especially Vishamagni - in the manifestation of Sthoulya. Correction of impaired Agni should be the first step in the Ayurvedic management of obesity. These findings reaffirm the classical Ayurvedic concept that the regulation of Agni is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and preventing lifestyle disorders.