Frequency of Abruptio Placenta in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension at Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, Larkana

Introduction: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), encompassing gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. Abruptio placenta, the premature separation of the placenta, is a severe complication associated with PIH. This study examines their relationship. Objective: To determine the frequency of abruptio placenta in PIH-complicated pregnancies and evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes from June 2024 to November 2024 at Sheikh Zayed Woman Hospital, Larkana. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2024 to November 2024. Pregnant women aged 18–40 years with PIH (diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation) were included. Exclusion criteria included chronic hypertension, multiple gestations, or non-hypertensive placental disorders. Data on maternal characteristics, PIH severity, and outcomes were collected via standardized questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: Of 500 women with PIH, 75 (15%) experienced abruptio placenta. Severe preeclampsia increased abruption risk threefold (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.6). Abruption cases had higher rates of postpartum hemorrhage (25% vs. 10%, p < 0.05), ICU admission (15% vs. 5%, p < 0.01), preterm birth (80% vs. 30%, p < 0.001), and stillbirth (10% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Abruptio placenta occurs in 15% of PIH cases, with severe preeclampsia as a significant risk factor. Early PIH detection and management, including regular antenatal monitoring and antihypertensive therapy, are crucial to reduce complications.