Comparative insights into gluon and proton structure through parton distribution functions

Study of parton distribution functions (PDFs) has led to a finer cognisance of the structure of partons in hadrons and the proton structure functions in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). PDFs are instrumental in predicting results for most of the hard-scattering processes measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, due to the non-perturbative nature of partons, calculation of parton distributions using perturbative QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) cannot be done. The analysis of PDFs, therefore, needs a relentless effort. In this paper, we study a comparative approach of three global PDF sets, viz. CT14, MMHT2014 and NNPDF 4.0. Gluon distribution functions and proton structure functions have been evaluated in a wide range of momentum fraction x and energy scale Q; and plausible observations have been made.