Diabetes Mellitus, a Risk Factor for Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Patients after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Objective: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in individuals with diabetes mellitus following PCNL. The findings of this study will assist in developing recommendations for these individuals in order to lower their morbidity and SIRS rate. Study design: Cohort study. Settings: Department of Urology, Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. Study duration: February to April of 2025. Materials & Methods: Total 106 patients between the ages of 18 and 70 with unilateral kidney calculi receiving PCNL were included, regardless of gender. Patients who had received phase II PCNL were excluded, as were those with a history of cancer or hematologic disorders, a preoperative white blood cell count (WBC) of >12 * 109 cells/L or <4 * 109 cells/L, a preoperative basal body temperature of >38°C or <36°C, and a basal heart rate of >90 beats/min. A consultant with three years of post-fellowship experience performed PCNL on the patients under general anesthesia following a single intravenous injection of a preventive antibiotic regimen. SIRS was diagnosed in patients. Results: Following percutaneous nephrolithotomy, 17 (16.04%) of the patients in our study experienced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Eleven (30.56%) of the 36 diabetic patients had SIRS developed, while 25 (69.44%) did not. Diabetes mellitus and SIRS were found to be significantly correlated (p 0.006), with DM patients having a higher odd ratio of 4.69 for SIRS development. Conclusion: One of the early side effects of PCNL surgery is SIRS, which can result in sepsis and septic shock, which can lengthen hospital stays, increase morbidity, and potentially increase mortality after the procedure.