Parasite Adaptation Strategies and Mechanisms for Overcoming Them

The study aims to identify the adaptation strategies used by parasites to survive within the host and to clarify the mechanisms these parasites rely on to evade the host's immune system, on the one hand, and to resist antibiotics, on the other. The study also aims to propose ways to overcome these strategies and the proposed pharmacological or biological interactions. This is done using a methodology based on a literature review of previous studies and research, especially those that are reliable and free of bias in data or results. The results indicated that there are several strategies for adapting to the host, including altering surface proteins to evade immune recognition, in addition to secreting immune-suppressing molecules and hiding within protected cells or tissues such as the liver or blood. Some parasites produce enzymes that degrade antibodies, while others reduce the activity of immune cells. To overcome these strategies, it is necessary to develop drugs that target these enzymes and altered surface proteins and apply them. Vaccines to stimulate the immune system and the use of inhibitors of immune masking pathways, in addition to relying on modern techniques such as gene therapy to combat the adaptation strategies used by parasites to survive within the host.