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Examples of non-Hausdorff groupoids reveal singular functions that defy approximation, suggesting implications for the Baum-Connes assembly map.
We give the first examples of étale (non-Hausdorff) groupoids G whose C^*-algebras contain singular elements that cannot be approximated by singular elements in Cc( G). We provide two examples: one is a bundle of groups, and the other a minimal and effective groupoid constructed from a self-similar action on an infinite alphabet. Moreover, we also prove that the Baum--Connes assembly map for the first example is not surjective, not even on the level of its essential C^*-algebra.
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Martínez et al. (2025) studied this question.
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