Bioprospecting Actinomycetes from the Rhizosphere of Piper nigrum: Potential and Challenges

This prospective review explores the biotechnological potential of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizospheres of Piper nigrum L. which is commonly known as black pepper. Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria that are well known for their ability to produce a plethora of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. The rhizosphere, a nutrient-rich zone surrounding plant root, offers a unique microenvironment that fosters the growth of diverse actinomycetes with unique metabolic capabilities. This review underscores the significance of these microorganisms in soil ecosystems, highlighting their crucial role in the discovery of novel antibiotics in the context of rising antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges associated with bioprospecting actinomycetes including difficulties in isolation and cultivation, genetic manipulation and the complex, time-intensive pipeline required to develop and commercialize new antibiotics. Through addressing these challenges, this review provides insights into improving strategies for harnessing the full potential of rhizosphere actinomycetes in antibiotic discovery.