Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of Nano-Selenium-encapsulated insulin on some liver enzymes in induced diabetic rats

Nanotechnology, specifically nanocarriers, has demonstrated remarkable results in the treatment of diabetes in animal models, as this approach is distinguished by many unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanomaterials that enhance drug delivery and therapeutic effectiveness of insulin delivery for diabetes treatment. The study aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of selenium-insulin nano-envelopes. This envelope was examined using UV-vis measurements in the wavelength spectrum of (208.50-407.50) nm, as well as XRD. The specimens were next examined using FESEM as spherical particles with nano-diameters ranging from 110 to 40 nm. The rats were placed into three sets: a control, a diabetic, and a diabetic treated with selenium-insulin nanocapsules. The infected control group showed AST values of 155.1±678.5, ALT values of 67.20±179.3, and ALP values of 202.7±444.0. The findings revealed that the untreated diabetic group had significantly higher liver enzyme levels, indicating liver damage. The nano-encapsulated group experienced a significant drop in enzyme levels, including AST (6.18 ± 161.0), ALT (6.14 ± 60.50), and ALP (72.71 ± 627.8), indicating liver protection. These findings show that selenium-insulin nanoencapsulation could play an essential role in protecting the liver from diabetes-induced damage and allowing for greater insulin absorption and protection from degradation. Histological examination of the liver in the healthy control group showed intact hepatic cords and central veins, while congestion of the central veins and venous sinuses was observed in the alloxan-induced diabetic group. In diabetic group treated with the selenium nanocapsule, significant improvements were observed in hepatocyte levels and hepatic central vein.