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Observational analysis revealed that seed losses relate to insect infestations in low-density stands, suggesting important implications for forest management.
An adequate seed source is necessary to supply seed for the increasing number of forest plantations being established by public and private agencies in the western United States. Thus, as the demand for forest tree seed has increased, the effects of insects on its production and collection has become of vital concern. Previous examinations of cones from western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl., plantations indicated flint relatively heavier infestations occur in the low-density stands than in high-density stands (1). The results of a study initiated in 1963 to more fully investigate this relationship are reported here.
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Schenk et al. (1967) studied this question.
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