PdM-FSA: predictive maintenance framework with fault severity awareness in Industry 4.0 using machine learning

Predictive maintenance contributes to Industry 4.0, as it enables a decrease in maintenance costs and downtime while aiming to increase production and return on investment. Despite the increasing utilization of machine learning techniques in predictive maintenance in industrial systems over the past few years, several challenges remain to be addressed in the implementation of ML, including the quality of the data collected, resource constraints, and equipment heterogeneity. This study proposes an adaptive framework for predictive maintenance in the context of Industry 4.0, specifically in internet of things (IoT) systems, using machine learning (ML) models. In particular, this study introduces PdM-FSA, a new framework based on an ensemble classifier that takes advantage of four widely adopted ML models in the predictive maintenance literature: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The performance evaluation results showed that the PdM-FSA framework can perform well for predictive maintenance according to the severity of equipment malfunctions in a smart factory. The results of this study provide significant knowledge to researchers and practitioners on predictive maintenance in the context of Industry 4.0. and enables the optimization of processes and improves productivity.