Associations of dietary total, heme, non-heme iron intake with diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality in men and women with diabetes

Iron metabolism disorders significantly increase the risk of diabetes and its related complications by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, whether dietary iron intake can influence progression of diabetes remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between total iron, heme iron, and non-heme iron intake and diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality among men and women with diabetes in the U.S. population.