Quantitative Measurement of Cooperative Binding in Partially Dissociated Water Dimers at the Hematite “R-Cut” Surface

Water-solid interfaces pervade the natural environment and modern technology. On some surfaces, water-water interactions induce the formation of partially dissociated interfacial layers; understanding why is important to model processes in catalysis or mineralogy. The complexity of the partially dissociated structures often makes it difficult to probe them quantitatively. Here, we utilize normal incidence X-ray standing waves (NIXSW) to study the structure of partially dissociated water dimers (H