The Effect of Private Education on Class Engagement and Academic Achievement Based on Latent Classes of Affective Attitudes in Mathematics: Using the Manual BCH 3-Step

This study, using survey data from first-year middle school students in the 2015 Gyeonggi Education Panel Study (GEPS), applied the Manual BCH 3-step method and confirmed that there are significant differences in math class engagement and math academic achievement among latent classes of math affective attitudes. Additionally, the effect of private education on math class engagement varied by latent class, being either positive or negative, while the effect of private education on math achievement was consistently positive across all latent classes. By analyzing the differences in class engagement and academic achievement among latent classes of math affective attitudes and the effect of private education, this study provides meaningful implications for math classes and the role of math teachers.