Spectrum of Bacterial Culture and Antibiogram in PCNL Puncture Urine Sample

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is the standard treatment for high-volume renal stones, stones resistant to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), and multiple and inferior calyx renal stones. Objective: The study's main objective is to find bacterial culture and antibiogram spectrum in PCNL puncture urine samples. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at CMH, Lahore, from April 2024 to July 2024. Data were collected from 185 patients. Urine samples were collected directly from the renal pelvis through the PCNL puncture site during the surgical procedure. This method ensures that the samples accurately represent the microbial environment of the kidney. Results: Data were collected from 185 patients according to the study's criteria. The gender distribution comprised 110 males (59.5%) and 75 females (40.5%). The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 70 years, with a mean age of 48.23±3.54 years. Among the positive cultures, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, found in 46.2% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.4%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.7%), and Proteus mirabilis (3.8%). Additionally, 3.8% of the samples included other bacteria, including mixed infections. Conclusion: It is concluded that the bacterial spectrum in PCNL urine samples is diverse, with significant antibiotic resistance patterns observed among isolated pathogens.