Giant Complex Odontoma of the Posterior Mandible: A Case Report

Complex odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor composed of disorganized dental tissues, including enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Unlike compound odontomas, which exhibit tooth-like structures, complex odontomas form a mass without anatomical organization. These tumors frequently present without symptoms and are typically identified inadvertently during standard dental imaging procedures. They originate from the dental lamina and develop due to tooth-development disturbances, potentially influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. They are most commonly found in the posterior mandible. Although odontomas are the most frequent odontogenic tumors, complex odontomas remain relatively rare. Clinically, they may cause delayed tooth eruption, swelling, or displacement of adjacent teeth. Radiographically, complex odontomas appear as radiopaque masses with a surrounding radiolucent halo. Histopathologically, they consist of a disorganized mix of dental tissues. Differential diagnoses include other odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors. This case report aims to present a rare instance of giant complex odontoma in a 17-year-old male patient, detailing its clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features. Emphasizing the importance of early detection, this report highlights the role of proper diagnosis and timely intervention to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.