Perinatal mortality audit in a tertiary healthcare center in Uttar Pradesh: a retrospective study

Background: Perinatal mortality remains a significant global health issue, reflecting the quality of maternal and neonatal care. In Uttar Pradesh, India, where healthcare challenges are pronounced, understanding the specific factors contributing to perinatal mortality is crucial. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the patterns, causes, and contributing factors of perinatal mortality in a tertiary healthcare center in Kanpur. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, from April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024. Data on maternal and fetal characteristics were collected from hospital files and neonatal outcomes from the NICU. Inclusion criteria included stillborn babies born after 28 weeks of gestation and newborns who died within the first 7 days of life. Cases were excluded if they were preterm, of low birth weight, or delivered outside the hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 6,123 deliveries, 212 perinatal deaths were recorded, yielding a perinatal mortality rate of 3.46%. The mean maternal age was 27.67 years. A majority of perinatal deaths (75.5%) involved women with no antenatal care. The leading causes of death were prematurity (23.5%), asphyxia (15.6%), and respiratory distress syndrome (11.8%). Hypertensive disorders, antepartum haemorrhage, and severe anemia were the most common maternal complications. The study revealed significant risks associated with multiparity, lack of prenatal care, and low birth weight. Conclusions: Reducing perinatal mortality in Uttar Pradesh requires a comprehensive approach, including improved access to antenatal care, strengthened healthcare infrastructure, and community education. Addressing these factors is essential for enhancing maternal and neonatal health outcomes and reducing perinatal mortality rates.