A blend of bacillus fermented soybean meal, functional amino acids and nucleotides improves nutrient digestibility, bolsters immune response, reduces diarrhea and enhances growth performance in weaned piglets

Abstract This study investigated the effects of a blend of bacillus-fermented soybean meal, functional amino acids, and nucleotides (Functional protein blend-FP Blend) as a replacement for animal protein sources in a weaner pig diet without antibiotic growth promoters on nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, diarrhea incidence and growth performance. A total of 288 crossbred weaned piglets ♂ Duroc x ♀ (Yorkshire x Landrace) with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.71 kg were randomly allocated to 6 groups based on initial BW and sex (8 replicate pens per treatment; 3 gilts and 3 barrows/pen). The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included: PC standard diet with 3% fish meal (FM) and 2% plasma protein (PP), NC (non-animal protein -AP), T1 (3% FM replaced with 5% FP Blend), T2 (3% FM and 1% PP replaced with 5% FP Blend), T3 (2% PP replaced with FP Blend), and T4 (3% FM and 2% PP replaced with 5% FP Blend). Data were analyzed using Minitab version 17 software. Key results indicated that FP Blend improved the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficient of dry matter, gross energy, lysine, and valine in T4 compared to NC treatment (P 0.05), whereas AID coefficient of crude protein and other amino acids remained constant (P 0.05). Compared to NC diet, the weaned pigs fed T4 diet reduced malondialdehyde, serum IL8, TNF-α, and increased IgG (P 0.05), while showing no effect on serum IL6, IL10, white blood cells, IgA, and endotoxin (P 0.05). Furthermore, FP Blend significantly increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum in T4 compared to NC (P 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) was highest in T4 (502.73 g/d), followed by T1 (477.96 g/d) and T2 (475.85 g/d), compared with PC (450.86 g/d) and NC (439.79 g/d). T4's ADG significantly differed from PC and NC (P 0.001), while no significant differences were observed in T1, T2, and T3 (P 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in T4 (1.45) compared to PC (1.57) and NC (1.59) (P 0.001), with no significant differences among other groups. In conclusion, FP Blend demonstrated efficacy in improving nutrient digestibility, optimizing intestinal morphology, bolstering immune responses, reducing diarrhea incidence, alleviating the adverse effects of weaning stress and enhancing growth performance of weaned piglets.