Tribological Investigations of AA2024/SiC/Eggshell Reinforced Hybrid Composite using NSGA-II and TOPSIS

Aim: The disposal of chicken eggshell [ES], a byproduct of aviculture, is a major environmental issue. Chicken eggshell can be utilized to create new low-cost, low-density consumer goods materials. In order to alleviate environmental difficulties, the proper usage of ES as a biowaste should be actively pursued. Background: Composites emerged as the most promising materials in recent years. Nowadays, hybrid aluminium matrix composites were developed by utilizing of low-cost reinforcements with less density and high strength. Composite materials which were developed by use of agricultural waste as a reinforcement can be utilized in various applications/industries such as aeronautical, manufacturing, automobile etc. Objective: The objective of present work is to find out the tribological characteristics of AA2024/SiC/carbonized eggshell hybrid green aluminium metal matrix composites [AMMCs]. The wear rate [WR] and coefficient of friction [CF] were investigated at different combinations of load, reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance. Methods: A Taguchi-based L16 orthogonal array methodology was used to set up the combination of parameters. The mathematical models have been developed, and solved using non-dominating sorting genetic algorithm-II [NSGA-II]. The solutions were predicted using NSGA-II were ranked using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution [TOPSIS]. The confirmation experiments were performed at three suggested settings [rank 1 to rank 3]. In one of the patents [CN113957284B] the development method for hybrid composites is discussed. Results: The results revealed that hardness of AA2024 hybrid green composite was observed to be enhanced as compared to base aluminium alloy. Wear resistance of the AA2024/SiC/carbonized eggshell composite was also improved. The patents on Al composite [US 3649227] revealed that after the addition of reinforcement, the mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength was improved. Conclusion: Wear resistance is improved on AA2024/SiC/carbonized eggshell composite. With an increase in reinforcement percentage and speed, the WR decreased from 29.16×10-5 g/min to 26×10-5 g/min. The CF increases from 0.4 to 0.46 with the increase in reinforcement percentage, from 3% to 12%.