Study of Microplastic Accumulation in Halophyte Plants and Macroalgae: a New Window for Analytical Research

Marine litter and microplastic pollution pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems. The interrelationship between halophyte plants and micro/nanoplastics began to attract attention in recent years. Halophyte plants and maritime macroalgae can trap substantial amounts of marine debris leading to areas of accumulation, known as ‘sinks’, of anthropogenic particles. The review of existing studies reveals that halophyte plants can serve as sinks for micro/nanoplastics by absorbing them on their surface, moreover, these plastics can be internalized by plants. Plastics on the surfaces and within plant tissue can cause various harmful effects. The present review outlines the current knowledge on microplastic abundance, bioavailability, influencing factors, technological detection, and potential salt-tolerant plants for bioremediation. Based on these findings, we recommend the inclusion of microplastic on halophyte plants and algae in prospective monitoring studies, discuss appropriate methods, and propose to conduct exposure studies along with risk assessments, strategies for preventing and controlling policies of these underestimated pollutants in vegetated coastal ecosystems and reaches a basis for future research.