Analysis of novel immunotherapy approaches in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein and the formation of Lewy bodies, leading to dopaminergic neuron loss and motor symptoms. PD affects multiple systems, including the central, enteric, autonomic nervous systems, and the immune system. Currently, immunotherapies targeting biomarkers like chemokines and synuclein are in early testing stages, with no approved treatments. Methodology: A review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, limited to the last five years, focusing on randomized clinical trials in English. After screening, 11 out of 64 identified articles were selected for detailed analysis, excluding 7 duplicates. Additional studies were included to complement the analysis of immunotherapy in PD. Results: Clinical trials investigated the use of antibodies and immunotherapies for PD, focusing on α-synuclein. The studies reported high tolerability at safe doses, mild to moderate side effects, and variable efficacy. New approaches, such as vaccines and specific antibodies, are under development but require further research to confirm their safety and efficacy. Discussion: A total of 702 individuals of different ages and anthropometric parameters were analyzed, with most side effects being mild and transient. Antibody-based immunotherapy showed promise, especially in activating B lymphocytes and forming complexes with α-synuclein. The crossing of antibodies through the blood-brain barrier and their detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are significant advances, but the scarcity of studies limits the precision of the results.