Line intensities of CO near 1560 nm measured with absorption and dispersion spectroscopy

High-precision line intensities are of great value in various applications, such as greenhouse gas metrology, planetary atmospheric analysis, and trace gas detection. Here we report simultaneous measurements of cavity-enhanced absorption and dispersion spectroscopy of the prototype molecule ¹²C¹⁶O using the same optical resonant cavity. Nine lines were measured in the R branch of the $v=3-0$ band. The absorption and dispersion spectra were fitted separately with speed-dependent Voigt profiles, and the line intensities obtained by the two methods agree within the experimental uncertainty of about 1. The results demonstrate the feasibility of SI-traceable molecular density measurements based on laser spectroscopy.