3D Printed Microneedles for the Transdermal Delivery of NAD⁺ Precursor: Toward Personalization of Skin Delivery

3D printing of microneedles (μNDs) for transdermal therapy has the potential to enable patient personalization based on the target disease, site of application, and dosage requirements. To convert this concept to reality, it is necessary that the 3D printing technology can deliver high resolution, an affordable cost, and large print volumes. With the introduction of benchtop 4K and 8K 3D printers, it is now possible to manufacture medical devices like μNDs at sufficient resolution and low cost. In this research, we systematically optimized the 3D printing design parameters such as resin viscosity, print angle, layer height, and curing time to generate customizable μNDs. We have also developed an innovative 3D coating microtank device to optimize the coating method. We have applied this to the development of novel μNDs to deliver an established NAD