Correlation of Vitamin D and Calcium Concentration in Infant of Mother with High Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency is a significant concern during pregnancy, and its prevention is critical for neonatal health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on screening vitamin D and calcium concentrations in neonates born to high-risk mothers. This study aimed to assess serum 25OHD and calcium concentrations in neonates from mothers previously identified as high risk for vitamin D deficiency, and to explore how these measurements might influence the management of such neonates. A cohort study, initiated in 2018 and continuing through 2023, was conducted using 241 venous blood samples from neonates aged 7 days. The concentrations of serum 25OHD and calcium were analyzed, and the relationship between the variables was evaluated using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. The results revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (85%, 30–50 nmol/L) and deficiency (37%, < 30 nmol/L) in neonates from this high-risk group. Additionally, a statistically significant and strong correlation (r: 0.965, P < 0.05) was observed between 25OHD and serum calcium concentrations. Interestingly, most venous samples collected within the first 24 hours postpartum exhibited hypercalcemia. These findings suggest that while vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are common in neonates of high-risk mothers, the risk of neonatal hypocalcemia due to vitamin D deficiency is relatively low. Given the financial and physical burdens of neonatal blood screening, routine supplementation of vitamin D from birth, without the need for screening, may be a more efficient approach to managing this issue.