Evaluation of Enamel Surface Properties Submitted to Bleaching With 35% Hydrogen Peroxide Associated With Titanium Tetrafluoride (TiF₄)

Objective: This study evaluated the color change, surface roughness, mineral content and morphology of enamel bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) combined with an experimental gel containing 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ). Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were treated with ( n = 12): (TiF) experimental gel containing 1% TiF 4 , (HP) 35% HP, (HPT) 35% HP + 1% TiF 4 and (CT) control. Bleaching with HP was performed in 3 sessions (3 × 15 min/applications). pH, colorimetric parameters, surface roughness, mineral content and enamel morphology were determined. The pH was evaluated for 45 min. The color parameters were determined before bleaching ( T 0 ), and 14 days elapsed from the last bleaching session ( T 4 ). Surface roughness was analyzed at T 0 and immediately after last bleaching session ( T 3 ). Enamel mineral content and morphology were verified at T 4 . Data were statistically analyzed by one‐way, two‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis ( α = 0.05). Results: TiF increased surface roughness, and no differences between HP and HPT in terms of color and – mineral content. Ti was detected only on TiF, and slight surface morphology changes were observed in bleached enamel. Conclusions: The combination of TiF 4 and 35% HP did not interfere with the enamel bleaching effect, controlled surface roughness, and kept mineral content but promoted a minor surface morphology alteration. Clinical Significance Due to the adverse effects of bleaching, titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ) has gained attention for its therapeutic properties, including the ability to reverse mineral loss and neutralize remineralization of mineral structures. Therefore, TiF 4 's remineralizing capacity may be a good alternative for incorporation into hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents.