Magnetic heating of interacting nanoparticles under different driving field waveforms

This study explores the impact of different magnetic driving field waveforms on nanoparticle heating in magnetic hyperthermia. Our research, which shifts the usual focus from individual nanoparticle properties to interacting particle clusters, evidences that square waves induce more uniform and greater heating than sinusoidal waves. The sequential switching observed with sinusoidal waves, which additionally strongly depends on the alignment of the particle cluster with respect to the direction of the field, leads to less uniform heating within and among different clusters. In contrast, a square waveform leads to simultaneous particle switching, thereby homogenizing the heat and potentially mitigating hazardous hot spots. These findings reaffirm the potential advantages for magnetic hyperthermia treatments using non-harmonic field waveforms, offering more uniform heating and the possibility of reducing the applied field exposure.