Investigation of the Effectiveness of Nutrition at the Molecular Level in Patients with Sepsis

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecule levels in sepsis patients receiving normal (1.3 mg/kg/day) and high (2 mg/kg/day) protein supplementation. Methods: Two groups of patients were compared based on protein supplementation: normal (1.3 mg/kg/day) and high (2 mg/kg/day). Levels of kallistatin, nesfatin-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) were measured. Disease severity was assessed using APACHE II, SAPS, and SOFA scores. Results: Demographic characteristics and intensive care scores were similar between groups (p>0.05). Group 1 had significantly higher 0-hour levels of HMGB-1, kallistatin, PAI-1, and nesfatin-1 compared to 24 and 48 hours (p<0.001). Group 2 had higher 0-hour levels, but changes were not significant (p>0.05) Conclusions: High-dose protein feeding in sepsis patients may not suppress inflammation-related protein synthesis despite the presence of oxidative damage and muscle catabolism.