Fertilized soils enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation by tropical grasses in cadmium-contaminated soils

The effectiveness of phytoremediation in Cd-contaminated soils is crucial for enhancing nutrient availability and plant tolerance to Cd. We simulated soil contamination with varying textures and fertilization conditions. Two experiments were conducted: one without liming and fertilization and another with soil fertilization for grasses. The soil types used were Oxisol and Entisol, and the grasses tested were