Fluid Biomarkers in Autoimmune Encephalitis (AIE)-Expanding Horizons

The emerging field of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system exhibits heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations. Ongoing studies and research aim to widen the spectrum of its presentation by associating it with autoantibodies, including those that have not yet been identified or discovered. The seronegative entity has a similar incidence as the autoantibody-associated group of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). Along with the parameters defined in the diagnostic criteria of AIE, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and drug efficacy is increasingly being recognised due to the relapsing nature of the disease. In this review, we have summarized the biomarkers that may help in the early detection of the AIE, leading to better prognosis and reduced morbidity.