Parent-reported Areas of Greatest Challenge for their ADHD and/or Autistic Children

Objectives This study aimed to understand how parents describe the most challenging behaviors exhibited by their children diagnosed with autism and/or ADHD, how those behaviours impact their family, and whether challenges are directly related to the core characteristics of these conditions. Methods A total of 258 New Zealand parents of children diagnosed with autism ( n = 98), ADHD ( n = 85), or both conditions ( n = 75) answered an open-ended question about what child behaviour(s) provide the most challenge for their child/family’s life. Responses were coded into 13 domains. Results The areas of greatest challenge fitted with the core characteristics of the respective diagnoses, but the co-occurring group favoured greater challenges in the autism domain. Emotional dysregulation challenges were substantial across all three groups. A significant predictor of parents reporting challenges in the autism and internalising domain was a higher age. Conclusions These results have the potential to inform more targeted supports for children and families by considering what is important to parents.