Symbolic dynamics for pointwise hyperbolic systems on open regions

Under certain conditions, we construct a countable Markov partition for pointwise hyperbolic diffeomorphism f:M→ M on an open invariant subset O⊂ M , which allows the Lyapunov exponents to be zero. From this partition, we define a symbolic extension that is finite-to-one and onto a subset of O that carries the same finite f -invariant measures as O . Our method relies upon shadowing theory of a recurrent-pointwise-pseudo-orbit that we introduce. As a canonical application, we estimate the number of closed orbits for f .