Two Cases of Autoimmune Encephalitis with Multiple Anti-neuronal Antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) can arise from various etiologies and present with complex clinical manifestations, especially in cases involving multiple anti-neuronal antibodies. This report presents two cases of AE with multiple anti-neuronal antibodies admitted to Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital on October 9, 2020, and March 12, 2024. Case 1 is a 15-year-old boy with positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antibodies in his serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Case 2 is a 14-year-old boy with positive NMDAR and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in his CSF. Patients with AE who have multiple anti-neuronal antibodies present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, warranting close clinical attention.